by Case21
For your further reading pleasure (or pain, depending on your tolerance for academic prose), check out:
Georges Didi-Huberman, Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconograpy of the Salpetriere. (MIT Press, 2003)
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction. Vol. 1. (Vintage, 1990), especially pgs. 55-6.